Several paramilitary structures with the characteristics of mass movements developed in the German-speaking regions of Europe within the 19th and 20th century. The socially well-respected army played a key role in the development of a hierarchical and uniformed society. As a result, millions of young German men experienced a year-long process of socialisation as conscripts or reservists within the institution of the army. Increasingly, the army developed to be the "School of the Nation". Within the then-dominant Prussian Army, reactionary and right-leaning tendencies were highly influential. The 19th century saw a combination of militarism and nationalism. The Austrian Empire also played an important role in the development of German militarism up until 1866. Besides the large army of the Kingdom of Prussia, the states of Württemberg, Saxony, Bavaria, the two Hessian states ( Electoral Hesse and Hesse-Darmstadt), Hanover, Baden and Münster all had standing armies of up to 35,000 men. Several dozen German states had their own standing armies by about 1800. Independent jurisprudence, conscription, but also increasing isolation of soldiers from the rest of society as result of the development of barracks at the end of the 18th century led to this development being particularly strong in Germany. The numerical increase of militaristic structures in the Holy Roman Empire led to an increasing influence of military culture deep into civilian life. German militarism was a broad cultural and social phenomenon between 18, which developed out of the creation of standing armies in the 18th century.
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